合法的な祭りであれば、その主催者が責任を持って行えば、問題ないはず
ただし、観光資源にするか、地元の自己満足かは、地元が決めればよい
祭りが赤字であっても、当事者の責任だし、地元民であっても、祭りに参加する必要はない
祭りは自主参加である、ボランティアである
一方、観光はビジネスである
AO
なお、縁日に神社の境内や参道などにいる香具師などは、商売ではない
賽銭、投げ銭の一種である、よって、ビジネスではない、お祭りのひとつの要素である
西洋の大道芸人などは、投げ銭を生活の糧にしている・・・
西洋的な観点からすれば、香具師などは、大道芸人の一種である
そういう意味からすると、寺社仏閣などの参道にある土産物屋も、ビジネスではない。
賽銭、投げ銭の一種である
正確には覚えていないが、たしか、バチカンの中で、西洋の古い地図のポスターを買った気がする
ネパールのクマリの館にも土産物屋があった。ストーパの参道にも土産物屋があった
神社などの土産物屋と同類であるはず・・・
あと、チベット医学暦法学研究所が販売しているアロマセラピーの類いは、施薬院の類い
これも、賽銭の一種だと思っている
MILD THERAPY (‘Jam-Chad)
Men-Tsee-Khang (Tibetan Medical & Astrological Institute) set up Mild Therapy Center in Dharamsala which was inaugurated on 29 December 2009 to benefit ailing people, to treat their disorders, to keep healthy state of mind and body, and for better health care by using the external therapy. Dr. Tsultrim Kalsang and Dr. Namdol Lhamo are the supervisors.
The Tibetan Mild Therapy procedures and techniques are based on Tibetan Medical classic text which is authentically laid down with historical backgrounds, for more than 2500 years. Mild therapy is an effective method to strengthen, rejuvenate and keep energies of body balancing the three humors (Three Nyes- pa). It is very much effective for relaxation, flexibility of rigid parts, opening channels (tendons, ligaments, nerves), gives complexion and luster to the body and smoothening the skin.
We provide two types of Mild therapy.
1.Mild Therapy for Treatment
2. Mild Therapy for Health Maintenance
2. Mild Therapy for Health Maintenance
The mild therapy for treatment is used for certain disorders on the instruction of the physician for a specific therapy. Mild Therapy for Health Maintenance is for those people who are interested in maintenance and care of the body.
We are very happy to inform you that TMAI provides the following mild therapies
Massage (Ku Nye)
Oil massage is effective against rough body caused by rlung-disorders, deficiency of blood and regenerative fluids, general weakness of body, senile decay,depression, emaciatedbody,insomnia and tired body. It is particularly helpful against various rLung-disorders. Healthy person can also use oil massage for relaxation and rejuvenation of body and mind. Paste massage is effective against acne, vitiligo, itching, psorasis, inflammation etc.
Oil massage is effective against rough body caused by rlung-disorders, deficiency of blood and regenerative fluids, general weakness of body, senile decay,depression, emaciatedbody,insomnia and tired body. It is particularly helpful against various rLung-disorders. Healthy person can also use oil massage for relaxation and rejuvenation of body and mind. Paste massage is effective against acne, vitiligo, itching, psorasis, inflammation etc.
Compress (Dhugs)
Compress (Dhugs) is of two types: warm compress (Doe-dhug) and cool compress ( Sil-dhug). Generally, these therapies are helpful for disorders such as indigestion, rLung and Bad-Kan combine disorders, cramps, lymph disorders, poor blood circulation and pain due to fever.
Compress (Dhugs) is of two types: warm compress (Doe-dhug) and cool compress ( Sil-dhug). Generally, these therapies are helpful for disorders such as indigestion, rLung and Bad-Kan combine disorders, cramps, lymph disorders, poor blood circulation and pain due to fever.
Bath Therapy (Chu Lums),Steam Therapy ( Lhung Lums )
Bath Therapy (Chu Lums) and Steam Therapy (Lhung Lums) are helpful for rigid and stiffness of limbs, paralysis, chronic and acute wounds, swelling and deformity due to muscles, bone and lymph disorders. It is particularly effective against various rLung disorders. It also treats eczema, painful swelling, cold disorder and chronic kidney disorder affecting the channel. Disease like gout, arthritis, swelling of limbs caused by nervous disorders, swelling of channels and protusion of vertebra can benefit from these therapies.
Bath Therapy (Chu Lums) and Steam Therapy (Lhung Lums) are helpful for rigid and stiffness of limbs, paralysis, chronic and acute wounds, swelling and deformity due to muscles, bone and lymph disorders. It is particularly effective against various rLung disorders. It also treats eczema, painful swelling, cold disorder and chronic kidney disorder affecting the channel. Disease like gout, arthritis, swelling of limbs caused by nervous disorders, swelling of channels and protusion of vertebra can benefit from these therapies.
Tibetan Medicine
Tibetan medicine is a science, art and philosophy that provides a holistic approach to health care. It is a science because its principles are enumerated in a systematic and logical framework based on an understanding of the body and its relationship to the environment. It is an art because it uses diagnostic techniques based on the creativity, insight, subtlety and compassion of the medical practitioner. And it is a philosophy because it embraces the key Buddhist principles of altruism, karma and ethics.
Buddhist philosophy states that everything in the universe is in a constant state of flux - that all phenomenon are characterised by impermanence, and that the only permanent feature is impermanence itself. As Buddha said, "No matter whether perfect beings arise or not, it remains a fact, and a hard necessity of existence, that all creations are transitory." It is this impermanence that causes each and every being to suffer at one stage or another. Suffering is thus not accidental but springs from a specific cause, whether from this life or a previous life. Only through proper learning and the genuine practice of Dharma can liberate from the vicious cycle of suffering.
Tibetan medical theory states that everything in the universe is made up of the five proto-elements:
1. sa ( Earth )
2. chu ( Water )
3. me ( Fire )
4. rLung ( Wind )
5. Nam-mkha ( Space )
Although all five proto-elements are responsible for the formation of each tissue cell, each element has a specific influence:
1. sa exerts a greater influence over the formation of muscle cells, bones, the nose and the sense of smell
2. chu is responsible for the formation of blood, body fluids, tongue and the sense of taste
3. me is responsible for body temperature, complexion, the eyes and the sense of sight
4. rLung is responsible for breathing, skin and the sense of touch and
5. nam-mkha is responsible for body cavities, the ears and the sense of hearing
The Three Principle Energy
1. rLung (wind) is one of the three principle energies of the body which manifests the the nature of Air element. It is characterised by rough, light, cold, subtle, hard and mobile. It is responsible for the physical and mental activities, respiration, expulsion of urine, faces, fetus, menstruation, spitting, burping, speech, gives clarity to sense organs, sustains life by means of acting as a medium between mind and body.
2. mKhris-pa (Bile)basically has the nature of fire. It is characterised by oily, sharp, hot, light, fetid, purgative and fluidity. mKhris-pa is responsible for hunger, thirst, digestion and assimilation, promotes bodily heat, gives lustre to body complexion and provides courage and determination.
3. Bad-kan (Phlegm) is cold in nature and is characterised by oily, cool, heavy, blunt, smCTAh, firm and sticky. Bad-kan is responsible for firmness of the body, stability of mind, induces sleep, connects bodily joints, generates tolerance and lubricates the body.
A Healthy Body:
gSowa rigpa (the art and science of healing or traditional Tibetan medicine, astronomy and astrology) involves the proper alignment of these divisions i.e. the 3 humors, 7 bodily constituents and 3 excretions, into a state of equilibrium. If this is accomplished, then the body is said to be in a state of health or free from psycho-physiological disorders; whereas a disequilibrium in any of these energies constitutes a state of disorder or ill-health.
Diagnosis in Tibetan Medicine
The diagnostic techniques include visual observation, touch and interrogation.
Visual Observation
This involves checking a patient's skin complexion, the colour and texture of his/her blood, nails, sputum, faeces, and other general conditions. Special attention is paid to the condition of the patient's tongue and urine.
i. Disorders of Tongue:
In wind disorder, the tongue will red, dry and rough. In bile disorder, the tongue will be covered by a thick, pale yellow coating of phlegm. In phlegm disorder, the tongue will have a pale, thick coating of phlegm and dull, smCTAh and moist texture.
ii. Urine Disorder:
The doctor advises the patient, how and when to collect the urine sample. It is essential that patient avoid taking too much of tea, buttermilk or wine etc. which otherwise would cause discoloration of the urine sample. They are also suggested to have a sound and sufficient sleep, refrain from mental and emotional stress and desist irregular activities. It is best to satisfy these conditions a night before the examination. The urine in Wind disorder looks like water and has large bubbles when stirred. In Bile, the urine is reddish yellow and malodorous with much steam. In Phlegm, the urine is whitish with little odour or steam.
Buddhist philosophy states that everything in the universe is in a constant state of flux - that all phenomenon are characterised by impermanence, and that the only permanent feature is impermanence itself. As Buddha said, "No matter whether perfect beings arise or not, it remains a fact, and a hard necessity of existence, that all creations are transitory." It is this impermanence that causes each and every being to suffer at one stage or another. Suffering is thus not accidental but springs from a specific cause, whether from this life or a previous life. Only through proper learning and the genuine practice of Dharma can liberate from the vicious cycle of suffering.
Tibetan medical theory states that everything in the universe is made up of the five proto-elements:
1. sa ( Earth )
2. chu ( Water )
3. me ( Fire )
4. rLung ( Wind )
5. Nam-mkha ( Space )
Although all five proto-elements are responsible for the formation of each tissue cell, each element has a specific influence:
1. sa exerts a greater influence over the formation of muscle cells, bones, the nose and the sense of smell
2. chu is responsible for the formation of blood, body fluids, tongue and the sense of taste
3. me is responsible for body temperature, complexion, the eyes and the sense of sight
4. rLung is responsible for breathing, skin and the sense of touch and
5. nam-mkha is responsible for body cavities, the ears and the sense of hearing
The Three Principle Energy
1. rLung (wind) is one of the three principle energies of the body which manifests the the nature of Air element. It is characterised by rough, light, cold, subtle, hard and mobile. It is responsible for the physical and mental activities, respiration, expulsion of urine, faces, fetus, menstruation, spitting, burping, speech, gives clarity to sense organs, sustains life by means of acting as a medium between mind and body.
2. mKhris-pa (Bile)basically has the nature of fire. It is characterised by oily, sharp, hot, light, fetid, purgative and fluidity. mKhris-pa is responsible for hunger, thirst, digestion and assimilation, promotes bodily heat, gives lustre to body complexion and provides courage and determination.
3. Bad-kan (Phlegm) is cold in nature and is characterised by oily, cool, heavy, blunt, smCTAh, firm and sticky. Bad-kan is responsible for firmness of the body, stability of mind, induces sleep, connects bodily joints, generates tolerance and lubricates the body.
A Healthy Body:
gSowa rigpa (the art and science of healing or traditional Tibetan medicine, astronomy and astrology) involves the proper alignment of these divisions i.e. the 3 humors, 7 bodily constituents and 3 excretions, into a state of equilibrium. If this is accomplished, then the body is said to be in a state of health or free from psycho-physiological disorders; whereas a disequilibrium in any of these energies constitutes a state of disorder or ill-health.
Diagnosis in Tibetan Medicine
The diagnostic techniques include visual observation, touch and interrogation.
Visual Observation
This involves checking a patient's skin complexion, the colour and texture of his/her blood, nails, sputum, faeces, and other general conditions. Special attention is paid to the condition of the patient's tongue and urine.
i. Disorders of Tongue:
In wind disorder, the tongue will red, dry and rough. In bile disorder, the tongue will be covered by a thick, pale yellow coating of phlegm. In phlegm disorder, the tongue will have a pale, thick coating of phlegm and dull, smCTAh and moist texture.
ii. Urine Disorder:
The doctor advises the patient, how and when to collect the urine sample. It is essential that patient avoid taking too much of tea, buttermilk or wine etc. which otherwise would cause discoloration of the urine sample. They are also suggested to have a sound and sufficient sleep, refrain from mental and emotional stress and desist irregular activities. It is best to satisfy these conditions a night before the examination. The urine in Wind disorder looks like water and has large bubbles when stirred. In Bile, the urine is reddish yellow and malodorous with much steam. In Phlegm, the urine is whitish with little odour or steam.
 | The first urine passed at dawn is suitable for examination, since its colour is not affected by digestion and by the colour the doctor can detect diseases. The colour, steam and sediment should be tested. The urine should be kept in a plain container, so that the colour is not affected, and either a stick or straw of white colour must be used for stirring it during examination. |
Touch
Pulse reading forms the most important touching method employed in Tibetan medicine. Only after ensuring an important set of preconditions, the physician proceeds with a pulse diagnosis.
This involves placing the index finger, middle finger and ring finger of a doctor at patient's radial arteries. The fingers must be held in a line close to one another yet not touching each other. The index finger must not put too much pressure on the skin; more pressure should be applied by the middle and ring fingers.
Left hand of patient examined by the right hand of the doctor
Right hand of patient examined by the left hand of the doctor
The right hand pulse should be examined first in the case of female patients, and the left hand one in the case of males. The reason for this is that the tip of the female heart is tilted towards the right and vice versa with males.
Interrogation
Interrogation forms the most important clinical aspect of the diagnosis. There are three main elements to a medical interrogation:
g. determining the causative factors
h. determining the site of the illness
i. studying the signs and symptoms - this involves the doctor asking the patient about the sort of food and drink s/he has been consuming, and what kind of physical and mental behaviour s/he has been experiencing
Traditional Tibetan Medical Treatments
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors
At an immediate level, a disorder is primarily caused by an improper diet and/or lifestyle. In fact, a majority of health problems, both in developing and developed countries, can be either directly or indirectly traced to poor diet or lifestyle. Examples of this include alcoholism, hypertension and heart disease. The first form of treatment in Tibetan medicine is thus not medicines but changing a patient's diet and/or lifestyle. Only if this fails to remedy an ailment is the use of medicines considered.
Tibetan Medicines
Tibetan medicines take various forms, from decoctions, powders, general pills, precious pills, and syrups, and are prescribed in small doses -- a fact that reflects the emphasis Tibetan medicine places on gentle treatment.
Moxibustion and Other Treatments
Many disorders, caused by proliferation of bad blood and mKhris-pa are also treated by blood-letting at one of the body's seventy seven blood-letting points. For cold disorders, nerve malfunction and non-malignant tumors, moxibustion, golden-needle therapy may be used to stimulate the energy channels of the body. Many diseases of the nerves and muscles, as well as pain and insomnia related to rLung, are treated with gentle massage using various medicinal oils. Medicinal bath and natural spring baths are used to treat an assortment of skin disorders as well as chronic arthritis, gout and cold types of rheumatism, and rigid and stiffness of the extremities.
Pulse reading forms the most important touching method employed in Tibetan medicine. Only after ensuring an important set of preconditions, the physician proceeds with a pulse diagnosis.
This involves placing the index finger, middle finger and ring finger of a doctor at patient's radial arteries. The fingers must be held in a line close to one another yet not touching each other. The index finger must not put too much pressure on the skin; more pressure should be applied by the middle and ring fingers.
Left hand of patient examined by the right hand of the doctor
 | a. the tip of the index finger on the right side detects heart diseases and on the left intestinal diseases b. the tip of the middle finger on the right side detects diseases affecting the spleen, and on the left stomach diseases c. the tip of the ring finger on the right side detects kidney diseases and on the left diseases affecting the seminal vessel |
Right hand of patient examined by the left hand of the doctor
 | d. the right tip of the index finger detects lung diseases, the left tip diseases affecting the guts e. the right tip of the middle finger detects liver diseases, the left tip diseases due to unbalanced bile f. the right tip of the ring finger detects kidney diseases, and the left tip diseases affecting the urinary bladder |
The right hand pulse should be examined first in the case of female patients, and the left hand one in the case of males. The reason for this is that the tip of the female heart is tilted towards the right and vice versa with males.
Interrogation
Interrogation forms the most important clinical aspect of the diagnosis. There are three main elements to a medical interrogation:
g. determining the causative factors
h. determining the site of the illness
i. studying the signs and symptoms - this involves the doctor asking the patient about the sort of food and drink s/he has been consuming, and what kind of physical and mental behaviour s/he has been experiencing
Traditional Tibetan Medical Treatments
Dietary and Lifestyle Factors
At an immediate level, a disorder is primarily caused by an improper diet and/or lifestyle. In fact, a majority of health problems, both in developing and developed countries, can be either directly or indirectly traced to poor diet or lifestyle. Examples of this include alcoholism, hypertension and heart disease. The first form of treatment in Tibetan medicine is thus not medicines but changing a patient's diet and/or lifestyle. Only if this fails to remedy an ailment is the use of medicines considered.
Tibetan Medicines
Tibetan medicines take various forms, from decoctions, powders, general pills, precious pills, and syrups, and are prescribed in small doses -- a fact that reflects the emphasis Tibetan medicine places on gentle treatment.
Moxibustion and Other Treatments
Many disorders, caused by proliferation of bad blood and mKhris-pa are also treated by blood-letting at one of the body's seventy seven blood-letting points. For cold disorders, nerve malfunction and non-malignant tumors, moxibustion, golden-needle therapy may be used to stimulate the energy channels of the body. Many diseases of the nerves and muscles, as well as pain and insomnia related to rLung, are treated with gentle massage using various medicinal oils. Medicinal bath and natural spring baths are used to treat an assortment of skin disorders as well as chronic arthritis, gout and cold types of rheumatism, and rigid and stiffness of the extremities.
The Tibetan medical system is one of the world's oldest known medical traditions. It is an integral part of Tibetan culture and has been developed through many centuries. We believe that the origin of the Tibetan medical tradition is as old as civilization itself. Because humankind has depended on nature for sustenance and survival, the instinctive urge to health and accumulated knowledge has guided us to discover certain remedies for common ailments from natural sources. For example, applying residual barley from chang (Tibetan wine) on swollen body parts, drinking hot water for indigestion, and using melted butter for bleeding are some of the therapies that arose from pratical experience and gradually formed the basis for the art of healing in Tibet. The Tibetan medical heritage is based on the book of the Four Tantras (rgyud-bzhi), which remains the fundamental medical text even today.Bon tradition. There is some evidence to suggest that several forms of medical practice existed at that time. More... |
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